2014 유엔 북한인권조사위원회(COI) 보고서
<
Contents >
I.
Introduction.............................................................................................................
5
II. Mandate and methodology of the
commission of inquiry................................... 5
A. Origins of the mandate
...........................................................................................
5
B. Interpretation of the
mandate..................................................................................
6
C. Non-cooperation by the Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea.......................... 8
D. Methods of
work....................................................................................................
10
E. Legal framework and standard of proof for reported
violations ........................... 15
F. Archiving and
record-keeping of testimony
...........................................................18
III. Historical and political context to human rights
violations in
the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
....................................................... 19
A. Pre-colonial history
................................................................................................
19
B. Japanese colonial occupation (1910 to
1945).........................................................
20
C. Division of the peninsula, the Korean War and its
legacy...................................... 21
D. Imposition
of the Supreme Leader (suryong)
system............................................. 27
E.
Consolidation of power under the Kim dynasty
..................................................... 34
F.
External dynamics and the human rights situation
................................................. 43
IV. Findings of the commission
...................................................................................
45
A. Violations of the freedoms of thought,
religion............................... 45
B. Discrimination
on the basis of State-assigned social class (songbun),
gender and
disability..................................................................................................74
C. Violations of the freedom of movement and residence, including
the
freedom to leave one’s own country and the prohibition
of refoulement ..................99
D. Violations of the right
to food and related aspects of the right to life ....................
144
E. Arbitrary detention, torture, executions, enforced
disappearance
and political prison camps
.......................................................................................
208
F. Enforced disappearance of persons from other
countries,
including through
abduction.....................................................................................
270
V. Crimes against
humanity.........................................................................................
319
A. Definition of crimes against humanity under
international law............................... 320
B. Crimes
against humanity in political prison camps
................................................. 323
C.
Crimes against humanity in the ordinary prison
system........................................... 330
D.
Crimes against humanity targeting religious believers and others
considered
to introduce subversive
influences.............................................................................
333
E. Crimes against humanity targeting persons who try to
flee the country................... 335
F.
Starvation................................................................................................................... 339
G. Crimes against humanity targeting persons from other
countries,
in particular through international abductions
......................................................... 345
H. A case of political
genocide?....................................................................................
350
I. Prin***** findings of the commission
........................................................................
351
VI. Ensuring accountability, in particular
for crimes against humanity................. 352
A. Institutional accountability
......................................................................................
352
B. Individual criminal
accountability............................................................................
359
C. Responsibility of the international
community.........................................................
363
VII. Conclusions and
recommendations......................................................................
365
